3月24日,美国爆发大规模控枪游行。
On Saturday, hundreds of thousands of people poured into the streets in Washington and cities across the globe to take a stance against gun violence.
3月24日,数十万人走上华盛顿和世界各地城市街头,反对枪支暴力。
3月24日,美国纽约游行人群。图片来源:今日美国
这场游行最大的特点是参与者大多数都是中学生。而游行的发起者,则是2月14日美国佛罗里达州南部帕克兰市校园枪击案的幸存者们。
弗罗里达校园枪击案幸存者Michael Weissman参与游行。图片来源:路透社
全美各地的学生齐聚美国首都华盛顿,举行主题为“为我们的生命抗争”(March for Our Lives)的大游行。
17岁的美国东部高中学生Jada Wright在24日华盛顿的游行中流泪。图片来源:纽约时报
今年2月14日,美国佛罗里达州玛乔丽·斯通曼·道格拉斯中学(Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School)发生校园枪击案,造成17人死亡。
2月14日,佛罗里达校园枪击案发生后,安全撤离的学生相拥而泣。新华社/美联
据路透社报道:
Chanting “never again”, hundreds of thousands of young Americans and their supporters answered a call to action from survivors of last month’s Florida high school massacre and rallied across the United States on Saturday to demand tighter gun laws.
数十万美国年轻人及支持者响应今年2月佛罗里达高中枪击案幸存者的号召,在美国各地聚集起来,高呼“不要再发生”的口号,走上街头游行呼吁更严格的枪支管控。
示威者手心写着“Never Again(不要再发生)”的标语。图片来源:法新社
In some of the biggest US youth demonstrations for decades, protesters called on lawmakers and President Donald Trump to confront the issue.
在这场数十年来最大的美国青年游行中,一些示威者呼吁美国国会议员和总统特朗普正视问题。
老年人也穿着“听孩子们的声音”的T恤支持学生们
不仅仅是华盛顿,游行在美国近400个城市爆发,仅首都华盛顿一地据称就有50万人参加,全球共计约80万人参加。
3月24日,美国华盛顿卫星航拍的游行图像。图片来源:今日美国
正如这次游行的参与者大都是中学生,走上台演讲、为他们的生命疾呼的,也是中学生。
我们来看此次游行中一个震撼人心的演讲:
演讲者是18岁的Emma Gonzalez,她是2月14日遭遇枪击事件的玛乔丽·斯通曼·道格拉斯中学的学生。
作为幸存者,她发表的这席演讲令人震撼、心痛。
Six minutes and about twenty seconds. In a little over six minutes, 17 of our friends were taken from us, 15 were injured, and everyone, absolutely everyone, in the Douglas community was forever altered. Everyone who was there understands, everyone who has been touched by the cold grip of gun violence understands.
6分钟约20秒。在这短短6分多一点的时间里,我们失去了17个朋友,15人受伤,道格拉斯社区每一个人,实实在在的每一个人的生活都被永远改变了。经历过那次事件的每个人都明白,每一个被枪支暴力的冷血魔爪触碰过的人都明白。
For us, long, tearful, chaotic hours in the scorching afternoon sun were spent not knowing. No one understood the extent of what had happened.
对我们来说,那个骄阳炙烤的午后,在漫长、混乱、充满泪水的几个小时里,我们毫无头绪。没有人知道事情严重到何种程度。
No one could believe that there were bodies in that building waiting to be identified for over a day. No one knew that the people who were missing had stopped breathing long before any of us had even known that a code red had been called.
没有人相信遇难者尸体在教学楼里停放了一天多,等待被确认。没有人知道,失联的同学已经停止呼吸了很久,我们才知道这是一次红色警戒事件。
Six minutes and twenty seconds with an AR-15 and my friend Carmen would never complain to me about piano practice. Aaron Feis would never call Kira, 'Miss Sunshine.' Alex Schachter would never walk into school with his brother Ryan. Scott Beigel would never joke around with Cameron at camp. Helena Ramsey would never hang out after school with Max...
一把AR-15步枪,6分20秒,我的朋友Carmen再也不能跟我抱怨练钢琴有多苦;Aaron Feis再也不能叫Kira“阳光小美女”;Alex Schachter再也不能和兄弟Ryan一起来上学;Scott Beigel再也不能和Cameron在宿营时打打闹闹;Helena Ramsey再也不能放学后和Max一起玩耍……
念完了这一串遇难同学的名字后,在长达4分钟的时间里,她站在台上一句话不说,静默、流泪。
然后闹钟响起,她说:
Since the time that I came out here, it has been six minutes and twenty seconds. The shooter has ceased shooting and will soon abandon his rifle, blend in with the students as they escape and walk free for an hour before arrest.
从我登台到现在,刚好6分20秒,枪手已经停止射击,即将扔掉他的步枪,混在逃命的学生中逃之夭夭,一个小时后才被抓捕。
Fight for your life before it's somebody else's job.
为你的生命战斗吧,别等他人代劳。
除了Emma,还有很多年轻的声音也同样令人感动,来看中学生们的演讲集锦:
也许有人会说,中学生还太年轻,对于枪支管控这种严肃的问题,无法提出有价值的意见,《今日美国》(USA TODAY)就此采访了游行的学生们,看看他们是怎么说的。
Emma Friedman:
I think that (pro-gun people) are too old to know what's going on in high schools. I mean, this is our lives that are at stake. Schools are for books not bullets, right?
我想拥枪派的人都太老了,他们不知道中学里在发生什么。这是我们的生命在受到威胁。学校是用来读书的,不是用来飞子弹的。
巴西圣保罗游行中的儿童:“我会是下一个(受害者)吗?”
Caroline Dana:
That doesn't make any sense. It's our future, it's our lives, we should be allowed to talk about what matters.
这种说法根本没道理。这是我们的未来,我们的生命,我们应当有权讨论重要的事情。
Hayden Salhoffer:
I might only be 16 but I care about my life. And we care that other people have died because of these horrible tragedies around the countries. We might be young but we do care.
也许我只有16岁,但我在乎我的生命。我在乎那些因为这个国家发生的悲剧而丧生的人们。我们也许还年轻,但我们在乎。
被枪支撕裂的美国社会
一直以来,枪支问题都是美国社会一大顽疾。
据《时代》杂志报道:
The U.S. has only 4.4% of the world’s population, yet it accounts for roughly 42% of the world’s guns, according to the comprehensive 2007 Small Arms Survey. And roughly 31% of the world’s mass shooters are American, according to a University of Alabama study.
据2007年小型武器综合调查显示,仅占世界人口4.4%的美国人,却拥有全球42%的枪支。而阿拉巴马大学一项研究表明,全世界大约31%的大规模枪击案凶手是美国人。
每一次枪击案发生后,美国社会都会发出新一轮的控枪呼声,但现实却让人感到无望。
正如《时代》杂志所言:
Gun violence in America is one of those problems that can feel truly hopeless.
枪支暴力是美国众多真的让人感到绝望的问题之一。
无论是民主党还是共和党,面对枪击案,都只是搞些不痛不痒的动作,实则毫无进展。
Every month or so, a killer shoots innocent people at random. There is a brief period of mourning. Democrats offer feeble pleas for new gun limits; Republicans offer “thoughts and prayers”. No substantial laws are passed, and the nation moves on.
差不多每个月都有凶手随机枪杀无辜的人。之后是短暂的悼念活动。民主党就新的枪支限制问题提出软弱无力的请求,而共和党则送上“惦念和祈祷”。没有任何实际法律通过,而美国就这样继续着。
在此次大规模中学生游行发生后,特朗普和共和党国会领袖们却一致选择了沉默。
Democrats sought to use the protests to raise pressure on President Donald Trump to take action, but Mr Trump did not acknowledge the gatherings in his weekend tweets and Republican congressional leaders stayed silent.
民主党想利用抗议给特朗普施压,促使他采取措施。而特朗普周末也没有发推对此次集会发表言论,共和党国会领袖们也选择了沉默。
就在抗议开始前一天,特朗普签署了1.3万亿美元的开支法案,而该法案在控枪问题上没有采取任何新的重大措施,在扩大背景审核、对攻击武器强制实行额外限制、提高购枪年龄等方面什么也没有做。
The Saturday protests came a day after Mr Trump approved modest gun safety measures in a sprawling $1.3 trillion congressional spending bill, which is likely to be the last major piece of legislation passed before November midterm elections.
周六抗议前一天,特朗普在数额庞大的1.3万亿美元国会开支法案中通过最平和的枪支安全措施,这很可能是11月份中期选举前通过的最重大法案了。
而说到美国控枪问题,就不得不提“美国全国步枪协会”(NRA,the National Rifle Association),许多美国政坛大佬都是其成员。
NRA是美国最大的枪械拥有者组织。它是非党派性、非营利性的组织,但积极参加美国政治活动,在美国政治中具有巨大的影响力。
NRA认为,拥有枪支的权利是受美国宪法第二修正案保护的民权,这构成了它的政治活动的理论基础。因此NRA是美国反对枪支限制的主要力量。
据CNN报道:
Nearly half (45%) of NRA members said it's very important to their overall identity, while only 20% of non-NRA members said the same.
近一半的NRA成员认为(拥枪)对他们的整体身份定位来说非常重要,只有20%非NRA成员的拥枪者有同样观点。
拥枪派的罗伯特·约翰逊受采访时说:
“当发生交通事故时,人们不会去指责汽车。为什么发生了枪击案,人们就要指责枪支呢?”
而反对者琳达·克尼汉(Linda Curnihan)则认为:
Times have changed. There were no AR-15s back when the Constitution was made so (the Second Amendment) is not a valid argument anymore.
时代变了,宪法确立的时候,还没有AR-15步枪,所以第二修正案已不再是有效论证了。
长期以来,控枪派与拥枪派针锋相对,其中涉及的利益牵扯情况复杂,美国控枪之路充满荆棘。
编辑:左卓 唐晓敏 李雪晴
华丽复古的打雷姐,能把流行歌唱出老电影感的也就只有她了丨人物