在名校林立的美国,哈佛和耶鲁是双子星一般的存在,成为无数学子向往的圣地。毫无疑问,如果你能进入这样的学校学习,人生轨迹都会改变,瞬间变成高富帅、白富美,离人生赢家就不远了。但是,如何才能进入这些顶级名校学习呢?我想下面这位同学的案例,可以给我们一些启示。
接下来学霸君还会更加努力给大家带来考试干货、学霸技能、和备考经验的!快来点击标题下方的北美学霸君关注我,么么哒!
From 侃英语
文 / 侃哥
微信号:KanEnglish
首先申明 ,这篇文章有点长。
一般这样的长文我很少写,因为大家普遍没时间读长文,阅读量估计不会太好,而且我自己也很费劲。但我每次在网上遇到中国人写的优秀英语作文的时候,总是很兴奋,情不自禁地全文翻译一遍,并且收藏。这一次,独乐乐不如众乐乐,我干脆发篇公众号文章,跟大家一起共赏好文。
这位同学叫陈梅婷,英文名是Charlotte Chen,是美国寄宿女子高中Emma Willard School 2017届毕业生,同年9月被耶鲁大学录取。Charlotte爱好文学、历史、国际关系和文化交流,擅长用有温度的文字和相机镜头记录生活。曾在校担任模拟联合国社长及文艺杂志文学版主编,并获得过国际学生英语奖。
从这段简短的个人介绍中,我们可以看出来,进入耶鲁大学的学生需具备这么几个条件:
1. 毕业于优质高中(Emma Willard School;好的中国高中也凑合)
2. 一定的人文底蕴(爱好文学、历史、国家关系和文化交流等)
3. 高逼格的兴趣爱好(擅长用文字和相机记录生活)
4. 参与过丰富的活动(模联社长、杂志主编)
5. 英语功底要好(国际学生英语奖)
不像中国大学只看高考分数,美国大学的录取要看一个人的综合素质,上面几点其实在录取比例中的占比还是很高的。当然,去美国读书还要看托福和SAT成绩,语言和思维逻辑的分数也是有权重的,但分数不是全部。
今天由于篇幅有限,无法展开去讲留学美国的细节,只能选择一个点去分享,就是这位被耶鲁录取的陈同学的英语作文。文如其人,扎实的英文写作能力,能反映出作者的人文底蕴、价值观、思维的广度和深度,和英语功底。
下面就是这位陈同学的英语作文,标题叫“换个角度看文化”— Seeing cultures in another way。这篇文章以小见大,从自己日常生活中的小事例出发,拓展到一个宏大的世界观,渗透了对自己、对世界的深度思考。这样风格的文章很符合美国人的胃口,可以说是一篇非常优秀的议论文。我们可以好好学学。
我对这篇文章进行了全文的翻译。希望借助这篇文章的剖析,我们能找到一些提升大家写作能力、乃至思考能力的规律。
换个角度看文化
Charlotte Chen
夏洛特·陈
One night during tea we somehow started a conversation about favorite childhood TV shows. Just as it was always the case in conversations like this, I sat quietly in the corner of the room and listened, trying hard to understand what’s going on but did not have a clue. Perhaps because I was quieter than usual that night, Gemma noticed my awkward silence, and made the group to pay its attention.
一个晚上,我们几个人边喝茶边聊天,不知怎么的就聊到了儿童电视节目的话题上。跟以往一样,我静静地坐在房间的角落里听他们讲话,尽力去理解他们,但却没有自己的想法。可能我比以往更安静,Gemma观察到了略显尴尬的我,便让大伙留意我。
* have a clue:有线索、有想法
* awkward:尴尬的
“Let’s hear what Charlotte wants to say. She looks like she has something to share.”
她说:让我们听听Charlotte有什么要说的吧。她似乎想跟我们分享一些东西。
“Well,” I said, “I think it is kind of difficult for me to be part of the conversation because I watched Chinese animation and TV shows when I was little. It is not because that I don’t want to speak—it is just that Chinese culture is very different from American culture.”
“呃”,我说,“我想我很难跟你们聊这个话题,因为我小时候只看中文动画片和电视节目。不是我不想说,而是,中国文化和美国文化很不一样。”
The group went silent for a while.
大家安静了一会儿。
“Well, that makes sense.” A girl finally broke the silence, “But you should not lock yourself up. If you want us to learn and understand your culture, you should speak up more and share it with us.”
一个女孩打破了沉默:“好吧,有道理,但你也不能把自己封闭起来吧,如果你想让我们了解和理解你们的文化,你应该打开心扉跟我们分享。”
* make sense:有道理
* break the silence:打破沉默
* lock sb./sth. up:把某人/某事物锁起来
She was right. I was too quiet and shy to be a helpful messengerof my culture. However, even though I agreed with her suggestion, I also wanted to reject it simultaneously. It was really a strange frustration and bafflement that I could neither understand nor explain at that time.
她说的对,我太安静了,太害羞了,无法成为一个很好的文化传播者。虽然我内心深处赞同那位女生的建议,但我还是很自然地拒绝了。这是一种连我自己都无法理解和解释的奇怪的挫败感。
*messenger:n. 信使
*reject:vt. 拒绝
*simultaneously:adv. 自然地
*bafflement:n. 受挫
What exactly is my culture? I asked myself.
我的文化到底是什么?我问自己。
The first answer that came to my mind was a picture of the Great Wall. Then I thought about the Tiananmen Square—the Chineseequivalent of the National Mall —and the Chinese National Flag. All of these are symbols that visually represent Chinese culture, but here’s the thing: They are relevant to me, but they are not so to someone who is unfamiliar with China. In order to engagemy audience, I need something more tangible and interesting, something that could create empathy regardless of cultural differences. That object, as I came to realize much later, is, in fact, my life.
第一个跳入我脑海的答案是长城,接着,我又想到了天安门广场(类似于美国的“国家大广场”),和五星红旗。这些标志性的建筑在视觉上确实可以代表中国,但我想说的是:这些东西是我熟悉的,但对于一个不熟悉中国的人来说,却是陌生的。为了吸引我的观众,我需要一些更有感觉的、有意思的、能引发不同文化背景人士共鸣的东西。那种的东西,我后来才意识到,就是我自己的生活。
* equivalent:n. 对等物
* relevant:adj. 有关的
* engage:adj. 吸引
* tangible:adj. 有形的、可触摸的、实在的
* empathy:n. 同感、共鸣
Through the lens of my life, I came up with some better answers. My culture can mean sitting by a round table and sharing 15 dishes with family members. It can be the voice of the anchor of the national evening news broadcast or my Red Tie that I proudly wore as a member of the Young Pioneers. It can be the mixed smell of cigarette, sweat, green onions and cup noodles in a crowded train station before and after Chinese New Year when millions of people hopped on trains to head back homes. It can be a beautiful poem written in ancient Chinese from 2,000 years ago that I recite again and again even to this day.
回顾我自己的生活,我得到了更好的答案。我的文化是和家人围桌而坐,分享15道菜肴;是新闻联播主持人字正腔圆的声音,或是我胸口飘扬的红领巾;是春运期间拥挤的火车车厢里烟味、汗味、洋葱味、泡面味混在一起的奇怪味道;是我至今都能反复吟诵的2000年前的古代诗词。
* lens:n.镜头
* anchor:n. 新闻节目主播
* recite:vt. 背诵
* to this day:至今
Of course, these are biased answers. However, coming from my own perspective, they are more effective to reflect something quite interesting but often subtle about China and its culture, because even though my story is only one out of 1.4 billion, it has been shaped and modeled and polished just like that of other Chinese people by the same language, the same history, the same political system, the same education and the same traditions. Culture is not a noun. Culture is a verb. It is how a specific group of people talk, think and see the world.
虽然这些回答有些片面,但从我个人角度而言,它们确实能微妙且有趣地反映出中国以及中国文化的一些侧面,因为虽然我的故事只占了中国的14亿分之1,但我的故事和有着共同语言、历史、政治、教育和传统的其他中国人的故事一样,被塑造、被打磨。文化不是一个名词,而是一个动词。它是一个特定人群说话、思考和看待世界的方式。
* biased:adj. 片面的
* model:vt. 塑造
* polish:vt. 抛光、打磨
We are living in an increasingly divided world where peace seems nowhere to be found. The prevailing cynicism andpessimism seem to confirm Samuel Huntington’s thesis that the fundamental cause of conflict in the world after the Cold War is no longer differences in ideologies but rather differences in cultures. However, why can’t we see cultures in another way? Instead of having only one worldview, we now have many different ones because of cultural exchange. Instead of having only one solution for peace, we can now look to different traditions for more inspiration. Instead of letting cultures clash, we should have them talk to each other—and we are the ones who can make such communication happen.
我们生活在一个不断分裂、并不太平的世界中。弥漫在空气中的犬儒主义和悲观情绪印证了萨缪尔·亨廷顿的理论:冷战后世界各国矛盾冲突的根源不在意识形态的差异,而在于文化的差异。但是,我们为什么不换种角度看待这些文化呢?文化交流让我们可以拥有很多种世界观,而不只有一种。与其让文化间发生冲突,不如多对话,我们这一代人可以让这种沟通成为现实。
* divided:adj. 分裂的
* prevailing:adj. 流行的、盛行的
* cynicism:n. 犬儒主义(愤世嫉俗)
* pessimism:n. 悲观主义
* fundamental:adj. 根本的
* ideology:n. 意识形态
* clash:n. 冲突
塞缪尔·亨廷顿与他的名作《文明的冲突和世界秩序的重建》
Every single one of us on this planet has a piece of puzzleinscribed with our stories. If all of the pieces are collected and put together, we will have the picture of universal peace, love and understanding. We can choose to ignore the little piece we have and keep living in our small world, or we can make our piece count if we remain curious about the larger world, understand culture as the sum of human experiences and make an effort to learn the stories behind any argument that we might disagree with an open heart and an open mind. We are allinterconnected. Our threads of fates are interwoven.
这个星球上的每一个个体都是一块拼图,如果我们能找到所有的拼图,并且拼到一起,就能形成一幅和平、爱和理解的画卷。我们可以选择忘记我们自己这块“拼图”,并且继续待在自己狭小的世界中,亦或是对全世界保持一颗好奇心,把文化理解为人类共同的体验,并且敞开心扉去了解每一次争论的背后的故事,通过这样的方式,让每一块拼图变得重要。我们所有人都是相互连接的,所有人的命运都交织在一起。
* inscribe:vt.雕刻
* count:vi. 要紧
* sum:n. 总数
* interconnected:adj. 彼此相连的
* interwoven:adj. 交织在一起的
I am ready to contribute my piece for peace. Are you?
我已经准备好为世界和平贡献一份力量,你呢?
很明显,这篇文章从小事出发,以高大上的世界观为落脚点,是一种“以小见大”的写法:有个人轶事的描写(和美国同学的交流互动),有往事的回忆(在中国独特的体验),有自己的思考(文化是个动词,而不是名词),有世界观、价值观的升华(世界大同,世界和平),也通过例举亨廷顿的观点为自己思维的深度加持。
记住,美国人最喜欢在一篇英语议论文中看到这些东西:
1. personal story(个人的故事)
2. unique perspective(独特的角度)
3. in-depth thinking(有深度的思维)
4. mainstream values(主流价值观,比如peace, love, understanding)
一篇文章若有这些元素,并且语言质量不错(比如准确的词汇、地道的句型),那么就是一篇完美的GRE或SAT作文了,这样的文章能大大增加你被名校录取的几率。
如果你现在还达不到这些标准和要求,我建议你先从阅读优质英语文章开始。实际上我一直致力于这方面的研究与教学,我以后也会在我的公众号上把我平时看到的优质英语作文拿出来分析,跟大家分享,希望借此帮助大家提升语言水平和思维水平。
本文系授权发布,From侃英语,微信号:KanEnglish,未经许可不得转载,北美学霸君诚意推荐。
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